Compare and Contrast Hebrews, James, and 1 Peter - 1210 Words

The final eight epistles of the New Testament canon exert an influence out of proportion to their length. They complement the thirteen Pauline Epistles by offering varying perspectives on the richness of Christian truth. Each of the five authors – James, Peter, John, Jude, and the author of Hebrews – made a distinctive contribution from his own point of view. Like the four harmonizing approaches to the life of Christ portrayed in the Gospels, these writers provide a sweeping portrait of the Christian life as a whole and how it should be lived out. Although Paul’s epistles are excellent, the New Testament revelation after Acts would be severely limited by one apostle’s perspective had the writing of these five men been neglected. The†¦show more content†¦63, right before the outbreak of Nero’s persecution of Christians in A.D. 64. The overall theme of Hebrews is the greatness of Christ or His superiority, and that of Christianity to the Old Testament covenant. The author seeks to demonstrate his purpose by giving the reader five significant ways in which Christ is superior or better. As the Son, He is: superior to the Old Testament prophetsShow MoreRelatedMatthew- Christ The King. We Begin Our Survey Of The Biblical889 Words   |  4 Pagesthere that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah? Matthew begins answering this question in chapter 1 with a genealogy of the people of Israel from Abraham to David to Christ, showing that Christ has the blood and legal right to the throne of the kingdom. However, Matthew certainly does not forget to emphasize the deity of Christ as well, which means that He not only has the right to rule over the Hebrews but also the whole earth. 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Analysis Of The Book If The Chronicles Of Narnia

If The Chronicles of Narnia is read in chronological order, C.S. Lewis introduces Polly Plummer as his first main female character in The Magician’s Nephew. However, the title indicates this story is not about her; it is about Digory, the magician’s nephew. She explores and travels with Digory as his friend, but her involvement in the story is mainly seen through her impact on Digory’s perspective and decisions. Nevertheless, by the same feminist ideology that declares each person prove her own merit, the strength of Polly’s characterization should be measured on its own. To suggest, as Susan Henthrone does in â€Å"The Image of Woman in the Fiction of C.S. Lewis,† that Polly’s role as a supporting character means that she is not a strong character is to do a disservice to her distinctive characterization. Digory’s indignation at Uncle Andrew’s sexist manipulations and comments serves to undermine the conception that Lewis, as a narrator, undervalues Polly simply because of her gender. To get Digory to go to what he calls the â€Å"Other World,† Uncle Andrew tricks Polly into putting on the green ring that will transport her without giving her the ring that would bring her back. It would be easy to assume, from Digory’s initial condemnation of Andrew in the exclamation that he â€Å"behaved like a coward, sending a girl into a place you’re afraid to go yourself† (Lewis, 25), that Lewis implies that Polly’s gender, and some inherent weakness therein, makes Andrew’s trickery trulyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Chronicles Of Narnia 1693 Words   |  7 PagesKendall Childers Dr. Sagerson ENGL 1302 September 14, 2015 Noble Act Andrew Anderson’s film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, The Wardrobe starts off with four siblings who are escaping from the air strikes of World War II. The children escape to an old man’s mansion where they find a wardrobe that has a magical doorway to a mystical land called Narnia. 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Auditing Measurements Challenge Fair Value -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Auditing Measurements Challenge Fair Value? Answer: Introduction The accounting scandals have been a common occurrence in todays economy. Such scandals have shook the entire world economy and evidently reflected the fact that in spite of the existence of auditing regulations and frameworks, the auditors do not adhere to such regulatory procedures which often lead to firms undertaking unethical techniques for the fulfillment of their personal interests. The issue that has been presented in this particular study is that the role of the auditors in mitigating the accounting scandals has been asked to identify. The accounting scandals have been a common occurrence and it has been found that the firms that have been involved with such corruptions usually have been the big players of the industry. The accounting scandals that have been chosen for understanding the role of the auditors and other related issues are the particular scandals by Rolls-Royce and Olympus Corporation. Auditing Scandal by Rolls-Royce The leading automaker company, Rolls-Royce had been charged guilty of crimes like falsifying accounts, interference with the investigations that have been going on and illegal payments in amounts of tens of millions of pounds for the securing the ownership of the contracts in Thailand, Russia, Indonesia and China. The company had made a payment of 671 million to the Serious Fraud Office as a fine. The corruption charges that the leading automaker company was accused of ranged back for more than over twenty years. The leading car brand company had been bribing hugely for the purpose of gaining the ownership of the contracts and had been carrying out such unethical operation from 1989 till 2013. A particular instance of the financial corruption undertaken by the company had been the $100 million order in regards to the supply of Trent 700 jet engines to the Garuda airlines in Indonesia in 1991. The general prediction by the stakeholders had been that the deal in regards to the Garuda a irlines belonged to the US rival Pratt Whitney. However, the proceedings of the deal rolled in favor of Rolls-Royce. It had been later revealed that the senior executives involved in the particular deal of Garuda Airlines had made a payment of $2.25 million along with a Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit car to the agent for securing the deal of the Trent 700 engines. Furthermore, Rolls-Royce also had made a payment of $2.2 million to Air Asia for the purpose of securing the ownership to the orders. Thus, it is evident from the above instances that the particular company had been maintaining goodwill and had been securing the position of a top automaker in the industry by undertaking unethical and corrupted measures (Bingham and Druker 2017). Auditor of Rolls-Royce The auditor of Rolls-Royce had been the famous KPMG group. The KPMG had been the firm responsible for executing the audits of Rolls-Royce. The accounting scandal of such enormous volume has allegedly led to the Financial Reporting Council look into the particular auditing procedures carried out by the audit firm. It should be noted here that there have been several instances where the auditing firm (KPMG) had mentioned in the auditors issues related to materiality and other financial concerns. However, there have been no such strict measures taken by the auditor firm to identify the illegal business operations carried out by the British giants (Bowman 2014). It can be further concluded that the issues that led to the accounting scandals had been majorly the unethical use of third party intermediaries. The third party intermediaries generally consisted of the distributors, brokers, resellers and intermediaries. Furthermore, it had been later accepted by the company that the company had made use of a complex accounting system that enabled it to record a 800 million pound loss as a profit in the financial report of the company (Cannon and Bedard 2016). Thus, all these evidences help in deducing the fact, that the evaluation of the financial and the non-financial aspects of Rolls-Royce that had been carried out by the auditing firm, were not proper. It should be noted here that the primary duty of an auditor lies in ensuring that the financial statements of a company reflect the true and fair view of the financial condition of business. Therefore, it can be concluded here that the KPMG as an auditor of Rolls-Royce had failed to execute the primary duties of an auditor. Furthermore, this is an instance of audit capability. This means that the auditing evaluation executed have not been proper, as the firm has not engaged into looking in the proper areas that need to be examined or monitored (Cannon and Bedard 2016).. Initiative taken by KPMG The particular initiative taken by KPMG had been that the firm had mentioned in the annual report of Rolls-Royce in 2014 that the company had made use of estimations and assumptions that resulted in mildly cautious profit recognition. Moreover, the annual report of 2013 disclosed the fact by KPMG that the firm was at risk of bribery. However, the audit firm did not delve further into the issues which clearly rules out the case as lack of audit capability. the auditing firm should have been much more strict with the audit proceedings and further looked into the areas which indicated the occurrences of bribery. Thus, the lack of adherence to the proper auditing standards (as seconded by FRC) led to the financial scandal of Rolls-Royce take such a vast form (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). Auditing Scandal by Olympus Corporation The Olympus Corporation had been a respectable organization in Japan along with its CEO Tsuyoshi Kikukawa until the date of April 1, 2011 when the former COO of the company accused the management of a financial statement fraud. The company had incurred a humongous amount of loss in regards to certain bad investments. This loss had been covered up by the three consecutive presidents of the conglomerate along with a number of executives. The company had even made a payment of 17 billion yen to a former employee who had proposed the unethical cover up scheme. The whistleblower in this particular accounting scandal had been the non-Japanese CEO who revealed the proceedings of the scandal to the entire world. An instance of the fraud conducted in the Olympus Corporation can be summarized by the over 2000 e-mails that had been exchanged between the CEO of the Olympus Corporation and three other employees in regards to the technique that should be adopted in order to hide the losses. These employees each had received a total of 1.1 billion yen as compensation. The investigation committee also identified that the group had exchanged emails with the former vice president of the Olympus Corporation, Hisashi Mori. Furthermore, it had been found out that the former president of the company also had illegally acquired the Gyrus Group PLC by Olympus Corporation (Hu 2014). Auditor of Olympus Corporation and initiatives taken by them The auditors of the Olympus Corporation had been two well-known auditor firms that were KPMG and Ernst Young. Both the auditor firms though had refused to comment on the issue pertaining to the protection of customer data. However, the occurrence of certain events gives us insight into the financial scandal by the Olympus Corporation. To be more precise, the auditing firm, KPMG had been relieved of its duties in the financial year of 2009. This indicates the fact that there had been disagreements between the firm and the management of the corporation which ultimately led to such outcomes. This had been seconded by the reports that stated that there had been certain conflicts in opinions in regards to bad acquisitions between KPMG and Olympus Corporation that led to the removal of the firm (Hu 2014). Next, the auditing firm, Ernst Young had been appointed as the external auditors of the Olympus Corporation. However, there has been no strong accusation either by Ernst Young that could reveal the corrupt procedures carried out by the company. In spite of the availability of enough evidence like the payment of $687 million as advisory fees in regards to the unfair acquisition of the British medical firm, Gyrus, both the auditing firms did nothing to publish the accounting scandal in the auditors report. This has been another instance of the lack of auditing capability. Both the auditing firms have not adhered to the established auditing framework or the auditing procedures which has resulted in such an outcome. Moreover, the firms also violated the agency theory and the signaling theory (Hu 2014). Improvements that have taken place in the auditing standards and principles since then The improvements that have taken place after the financial scandal carried out by the Rolls-Royce had been one of the international accounting bodies, ICAEW that are in charge of framing and modifying the regulatory principles had established an completely new reporting model for ensuring that the occurrence of such issues are not repeated in the future. The new reporting model that has been prepared keeps the investors and the stakeholder of business well aware of the happenings and events in the organization at a stipulated interval. The financial reporting model that has been framed by the ICAEW also maintains a degree of clarity and transparency that makes it easier for the stakeholders of business or the users of the financial statements to interpret and understand the financial proceedings of the firm. ACCA, another accounting regulatory puts stress on the collection of enough audit evidence for resolving the problem of lack of audit capability (Larcker Tayan 2015). As mentioned earlier in this report, the required investigations in the accounting scandal had been carried out by the regulatory body, FRC. After, the Rolls-Royce case, the FRC has made it a mandatory rule that an organization is required to change the auditing firm carrying out its annual audit in every ten years (Larcker Tayan 2015). Another globally known regulatory body, CIMA has established a framework for preventing risks arising out of the occurrences of such financial scandals. CIMA also has stated in its report that the maintenance of the required ethical standards in regards to the business operations that are carried out by a business firm not only is beneficial for the business unit but also for the stakeholders of the particular business (Larcker Tayan 2015). On the other hand after the occurrence of the Olympus Corporation scandal, the Congress had passed the Sarbanes Oxley Act. This further resulted in the creation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which restricted the control that the Certified Public Accountants had (Jackson 2017). Recommendation The particular recommendation that can be arrived at after going through the discussion in the preceding paragraphs is that the occurrence of such accounting scandals have further led to the strengthening of the auditing framework. All the auditing and accounting bodies, all over the world have acknowledged the fact that there have been a gap in the auditing framework and procedures which led to the lack of auditing capabilities on the part of the auditing firms. Moreover, it should also be realized by the auditor firms that it is their sole responsibility to highlight the areas of doubt in the financial statements of the concerned company. This will not only enable them to properly adhere to their duties but also save the stakeholders of business who depend on the corporate entities for their earnings. Conclusion The only conclusion that can be arrived at is that the role of an auditor is very important in a corporate world. Thus, it is the primary duty of the auditor is to safeguard the stakeholders of the company that they are auditing, ignorance of which will lead to such accounting scandals. Moreover, the corporate bodies have to understand that adopting fraudulent techniques will definitely harm the business in the end. References Askary, S. (2017). Can Accounting Regimes Protect the Public Interests?. Middle East Review of Public Administration (MERPA), 3(3). Bingham, C. and Druker, J., 2017. Acting With Integrity Across The World? What Do Multinationals Say About Labour Standards?. Bowman, C., 2014. When are Executives Paid Too Much?. Cannon, N.H. and Bedard, J.C., 2016. Auditing challenging fair value measurements: Evidence from the field. The Accounting Review, 92(4), pp.81-114. Coffee, J. C. (2016). The Globalization of Entrepreneurial Litigation: Law, Culture, and Incentives. Hu, D. (2014). Japanese stock market reaction to announcements of news affecting auditors reputation: The case of the Olympus fraud. Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, 10(3), 206-224. Jackson, K. (2017). Japanese management and society in the Age of Abenomics. Larcker, D., Tayan, B. (2015). Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. Masztalerz, M., 2014. Global Management Accounting Principles-Emperor's New Clothes. Research Papers of Wroc?aw University of Economics, (345). Mayer, C., 2017. Whose Responsible for Irresponsible Business? An Assessment. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education

Patagonia Case Study free essay sample

Patagonia is a high-end outdoor apparel company founded in 1972 by Yvon Chouinard, a self-described ‘dirtbag’. The company remains private. Has experienced strong growth to date (6% sales growth Y-oY) while maintaining its commitment to sustainability and the environment Industry includes Columbia Sportswear, The North Face (VF Corp. ), and many general retailers Strategy Business Model: Customers: median age of 38 years old, average household income of $160K Products (% revenue): Sportswear (47%), Technical Outerwear (30%), Technical Knits (12%), and Hard Goods (6%). High quality, priced 20% higher than other outdoor apparel. ‘Ironclad Guarantee’ to repair, refund, or replace any product that does not fully satisfy customers Financials: 50%-55% gross margin on goods sold. High environmental and social standards for suppliers, though selectivity also leads to lower product defect rates Sales (% sales): Wholesale (44%), Retail (33%), Catalog + Internet (23%) – fewer distributors than competitors; retail stores and catalog play important role in communicating brand connecting to customers Marketing: environmental / social stance often attracted free media attention; careful conscious effort to not exploit position for monetary gain Culture: strong culture, family-friendly workplace, environmental perks for employees, low employee turnover Questions In spring 2010, Patagonia was in the process of implementing a new, radical environmental initiative called â€Å"Product Lifecycle Initiative† (PLI). We will write a custom essay sample on Patagonia Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This initiative represented a holistic commitment to lengthen the lifecycle of each product and reduce landfill waste. It constituted Patagonia’s efforts to take responsibility for the products it made, â€Å"from birth to death and then beyond death, back to rebirth. † The initiative consisted of a mutual contract between the company and its customers to â€Å"reduce, repair, reuse, and recycle† the apparel that they consumed. This case invites you to  understand a unique approach to creating and capturing value, assess its sustainability, and evaluate innovative ways to compete. 1. Evaluate Patagonia’s strategy: how does Patagonia create and capture value? Patagonia sells high quality products to outdoor enthusiasts – its products are cutting edge in terms of the materials used (and the value they generate for the customer), as are their manufacturing methods. Patagonia embeds environmental sustainability into its production methods, allowing it to meet its own mission while appealing to customers who share those values. Also see above outline. 2. How important to Patagonia’s strategy is its stated mission: â€Å"Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, and use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis†? Each of the three parts of the mission statement guide Patagonia day to day business decisions: Build the best product: high RD spend ($3M annually), focus on innovation, ambassador model for testing and feedback Cause no unnecessary harm: environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, supplier selectivity and environmental standards, raw materials sourcing (e.g. organic cotton), Footprint Chronicles to analyze impact, energy efficient buildings and recycling processes Use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis: 1% of revenue donated to environmental causes, sharing of sustainability processes with other companies / competitors, grants and other campaigns (see Exhibit 10) 3. What is your assessment of Patagonia’s product lifecycle initiative (Reduce, Repair, Reuse, and Recycle)? Will it be a success? Evaluating PLI hinges on the definition of success: how heavily the company weighs achieving its annual growth targets against achieving its sustainability mission. The innovative program will likely be a success in raising awareness on over-consumption, but Patagonia will need to focus on aggressively growing its customer base (vs. repeat sales to existing customers) in order to achieve targets. Patagonia may also want to find ways to monetize the online swap market they create to supplement some of the potential lost revenue from individuals who buy second hand (membership fee, repair fee, flat fee on each swap, charge other retailers for access, etc. ). In the long-term the second-hand buyers may become future Patagonia customers, who at present cannot afford the high-end new products, creating a new customer acquisition vehicle.

Success In Business Through Ethics †Business Essay

Success In Business Through Ethics – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Success In Business Through Ethics Business Essay I believe it is imperative to adhere strongly to ethics in order to succeed in both the personal and business aspects of your life. Applying this to my job I am constantly playing by the rules to uphold our company’s clean image. It is rare for a young company to maintain high ethical standards; however so far my company has succeeded. In order to further my company’s growth in this area, we believe knowledge is the key. We are constantly looking for workshops and training sessions to make sure all employees are well versed in the ethics arena of business. We are confident that each employee will withhold strongly to the rules of our company. One of the most important aspects of a company is honesty; one white lie can tarnish a company’s reputation forever. In checking the invoices one month we noticed that a company had paid double what they should have, instead of seeing if they would notice first, which is what most companies would do, we alerted them right away and fixed the problem as soon as possible. This shows that we have been very thorough in maintaining our spotless record. In my personal life I have been told a number of times I have very strong morals. I believe in doing what’s right when nobody is looking and treating others as I would like to be treated. I have found money and credit cards on several occasions and always turn it in to the nearest lost and found. One night surfing after surfing I notice a lady and her young child sopping wet standing in the parking lot. I asked if they needed any help, turns out she had locked her keys in her car. I let her borrow my cell phone and gave them each a dry towel and offered them a ride. The next weekend my board bag with my only set of keys in it was stolen from the beach, and thankfully somebody did the same for me. There is nothing more frustrating than having to deal with a company or person without good ethics. It’s not always easy to uphold strong morals but in the long run I strongly believe it is always worth it. Research Papers on Success In Business Through Ethics - Business EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Project Managment Office SystemComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Within a health economic framework, discuss and analyse one chronic Essay

Within a health economic framework, discuss and analyse one chronic disease issue and the possible future implications and impact that they may have on the Australian Health Care System - Essay Example The country’s model for chronic disease management aims to ensure delivery of care during the continuum. Disease prevention strategy starts at the primary level in the healthy population, then to secondary prevention and early detection in the at-risk population and ends with disease management once disease is established besides management and tertiary prevention for people with complex chronic diseases. Although strategies may vary from region to region, they are characterized by the aims of improved access, reduced health inequalities and better outcomes for those with chronic diseases through the policies of self-care, continuity and quality of care (Snodden 2010). Chronic disease As defined by the World Health Organisation, a chronic disease is one, which is of permanent nature with residual disability and caused by irreversible pathological changes. 12 chronic diseases identified by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) as having a significant impact on t he country’s health care system (Zwar, et al. 2006) are â€Å"coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, depression, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, oral diseases, arthritis and osteoporosis.† (Zwar, et al. 2006, 8). As already mentioned, chronic diseases are managed at primary care level by general practitioners and other professionals of primary health care with tie-ups with specialised agencies. The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) report states that most of the above chronic disease are treated at the primary care level except lung cancer and colorectal cancer (Zwar, et al. 2006). Australia’s health system Australia’s health system is considered one of the best in the world with the country’s universal medical insurance scheme Medicare providing access to health care for all. Because of the robustness of the system, life expectancy has increased, childhood and maternal mortality rate, incidence of cancer and heart disease have reduced. Demographic changes to the population are characterised by the increase in the population of people over 65 years. Their population has been estimated at 2.9 million (13.3%) in 2009 as against 1.1 million (8.3 %) in 1971. In spite of the overall achievement, health status of the indigenous peoples is far below the status of mainstream communities. Thus, Australian health system is under constant challenges due to rise in demand, constrained capacity and insufficient health care professionals and infrastructure as are with any other industries such as banking, transport etc. Rise in demand is due to combination of factors such as higher expectations from the health seekers who are now better informed, increasing burden of diseases arising out of problems affluent living conditions attendant with risk factors, increased life span and people’s ability to use advancements in the medical field. These problems of plenty are responsible for ever increasing burden of chronic diseases that make up 70 % of Australia’s health burden which is expected to increase to 80 % by 2020 (Boyages 2010). Since cancer diseases especially lung cancer and colorectal cancer are not being managed at the primary care level, this paper will choose cancer as one chronic disease that is impacting on the country’s health care system. Cancer epidemiology AIHW reports that in 2007 alone new cancer cases diagnosed were about 108,368, 57 % of which were males. There is a risk for 1 in 3 in males and 1 in 4 in females to be diagnosed with cancer before they the age of 75 years. Most common types of cancer were prostate cancer (19,403 cases0, bowel cancer (14,243 cases), breast cancer (12,670 cases, skin cancer (10,432 cases) and lung cancer

Respond what you agree with and disagree with and why Essay

Respond what you agree with and disagree with and why - Essay Example The wars in Vietnam and Korea produced a whole generation of veteran warriors who suffers from all possible psychological and behavioural disorders. This generated some sort of butterfly effect to their families and communities, who were also involved in dealing with the post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the war. I disagree with Auchincloss statement that after the World War II, the US felt obligated to intervene in the world affairs. I believe that the US wanted to prove that it is greater political and economic power after the World War II, when the rivalry between the Soviet Union and USA started. I am of the opinion that US intervened in all worldwide political matters only to show its growing military power. The only reason why US intervened was to get a head starts before the Soviets. Everything was a competition – who will send the first astronaut in space, who will have the nuclear weapons, who will land on the